{"id":1142,"date":"2020-11-17T12:19:21","date_gmt":"2020-11-17T12:19:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/?page_id=1142"},"modified":"2020-11-17T12:24:12","modified_gmt":"2020-11-17T12:24:12","slug":"under-lifted-buildings-in-the-middle-east","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/index.php\/papers\/under-lifted-buildings-in-the-middle-east\/","title":{"rendered":"Under Lifted Buildings in the Middle East"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1142\" class=\"elementor elementor-1142\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2bd44fca elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-eae-slider=\"97780\" data-id=\"2bd44fca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container 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class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-624c56e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"624c56e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Under Lifted Buildings in the Middle East\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-550f1783 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"550f1783\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rory S. Smith<\/p><p>University of Northampton, UK<\/p><p>This paper was presented at The 4th Symposium on Lift &amp; Escalator Technology (CIBSE Lifts Group, The University of Northampton and LEIA) (2014).\u00a0 This web version \u00a9 Peters Research Ltd 2015.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong>\u00a0lifts, traffic analysis, car parking<\/p><p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong>\u00a0 This paper explains and discusses under lifted buildings located in the Middle East.\u00a0 Three case studies are presented.\u00a0 Solutions or partial solutions are presented for the under lifted conditions<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h3>1. INTRODUCTION<\/h3><p>Prior to the fall of 2008, the Middle East experienced a real estate boom of incredible proportions.\u00a0 In the construction frenzy prior to the bursting of the real estate bubble, many buildings were built without receiving advice from lift traffic engineers.\u00a0 In some cases a lift consultant was retained but his recommendations were ignored because too many lifts were recommended.<\/p><p>These under lifted buildings were either vacant or only partially occupied for several years.\u00a0 However, starting around 2013 the economy in parts of the Middle East started improving.\u00a0 The improvement has been particularly strong in Dubai.\u00a0 As the occupancy of these under lifted buildings increased, the inadequacy of the lift installations became apparent.\u00a0 Building owners and managers began to request help in solving the traffic handling problems in their buildings.<\/p><p>Three examples of under lifted buildings in Dubai are presented along with recommendations on how correct or at least improve the traffic handling inadequacies of these buildings.\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h3>2. CASE STUDY A<\/h3><p>Building A is a multi-tenant office building located in Dubai.\u00a0 The building has three parking floors below the ground floor lobby, six parking floors above the lobby, and forty one office floors.\u00a0 The building has seven total lifts that serve all 51 stops.\u00a0 The 7 lifts are split into two banks.\u00a0 A 3 car group of panoramic lifts with a capacity of 1000kg and a speed of 2.5 m\/s and a 4 car bank of conventional lifts with a capacity of 1000kg and a speed of 4 m\/s.<\/p><p>Building A was completed prior to collapse of the real estate market in January of 2009.\u00a0 The building was largely unoccupied until the middle of 2012.\u00a0 The Dubai economy started to recover in 2012 and the population of Building A started to increase.\u00a0 By the beginning of 2013 the tenants were complaining about long waiting times.<\/p><p>Each typical floor has 696 square meters of Net Internal Area (NIA).\u00a0 If one assumes that Net Useable Area of this building is 80% of NIA, then each floor has a potential population of 46 persons [1].<\/p><h4>2.1 Building A Problems<\/h4><p>The most obvious problem was there were not enough lifts.\u00a0 CIBSE Guide D recommends, as a rule of thumb, 1 lift for every 3 floors [2].\u00a0 51 floors divided by 3 would suggest that 17 lifts would be required.\u00a0 However, only 7 were installed.<\/p><p>Since both groups of lifts served the same floors, passengers would place a hall call for each of the groups.\u00a0 Initially, passengers were placing two hall calls for each service request.\u00a0 Later, out of frustration, passengers would press both the up hall call and the down hall call of each group.\u00a0 In this way, each true hall call was accompanied by three false calls.<\/p><p>Each car park level is also a building entrance.\u00a0 Therefore, this building has 10 entrance lobbies.<\/p><p>Table 1 shows the impact of adding additional entrance levels to an 18 floor building with 6 lifts.\u00a0 Simulation software was used generate Table 1 [3].\u00a0 Building A is under lifted with one entry level.\u00a0 However, observe the impact that additional entry levels have on waiting times and times to destination.\u00a0 For this reason CIBSE Guide D recommends that parking floors be served by separate lifts that do not serve office floors [2].<\/p><p><strong>Table 1<\/strong><\/p><table><tbody><tr><td>\u00a0<\/td><td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Up Peak<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Lunch<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>AWT<\/td><td>ATT<\/td><td>AWT<\/td><td>ATT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Lobby<\/strong><\/td><td>12.3 s.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/td><td>75.9 s.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/td><td>23.1 s.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/td><td>64.1 s.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Lobby + 1 Parking\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong><\/td><td>33.3 s.<\/td><td>77.4 s.<\/td><td>32.3 s.<\/td><td>72 s.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Lobby + 2 Parking<\/strong><\/td><td>38.0 s.<\/td><td>77.9 s.<\/td><td>43.1 s.<\/td><td>43.1 s.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Lobby + 3 Parking<\/strong><\/td><td>48.8 s.<\/td><td>80.3 s.<\/td><td>53.0 s.<\/td><td>83.3 s.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><h4>2.2 Building A Solution<\/h4><p>For economic reasons, the control system could not be replaced.\u00a0 Therefore, the low cost solution for building A was to split the office floors into 2 zones.\u00a0 The low speed lifts would serve the lower zone and the high speed lift would serve the upper zone.\u00a0 Additionally, cars were assigned to specific parking floors.\u00a0 This reduced the number of entrance levels for each group and eliminated the possibility of registering calls to two groups.\u00a0 Tables 2 and 3 below demonstrate the results of this 2 bank system based on 25 persons per floor and 20% absenteeism.\u00a0 Please note this traffic level would represent a 54% occupancy level.\u00a0 Peters Research Modern Up Peak and Modern Lunch Templates, an option in simulation software were used to evaluate the proposed solution [3].<\/p><p>The 3 car group would serve floors B3, B2, B1, L, P1, and office floors 1 &#8211; 19.<\/p><p><strong>Table 2<\/strong>\u00a0 3 Car Group<\/p><table><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Up Peak<\/td><td colspan=\"2\">Lunch<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>AWT<\/td><td>ATT<\/td><td>AWT<\/td><td>ATT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>32.2 s.<\/td><td>69.8 s.<\/td><td>48.6s.<\/td><td>67.3s<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p><p>The 4 car group serves floors L, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, and office floors 20 \u2013 41.<\/p><p><strong>Table 3<\/strong>\u00a0 4 Car Group<\/p><table><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Up Peak<\/td><td colspan=\"2\">Lunch<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>AWT<\/td><td>ATT<\/td><td>AWT<\/td><td>ATT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>29.3 s.<\/td><td>73.6 s<\/td><td>39.8 s.<\/td><td>72.5 s.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><h4>2.3\u00a0 Building A Comments<\/h4><p>This building simply does not have the required number of lifts to deliver good service.\u00a0 The modifications to the existing system greatly improved service.\u00a0 However, if the building occupancy reaches a level above 54%, traffic handling problems will return.<\/p><p>Permanent solutions could include installing additional lifts to serve the parking levels, converting the existing lifts to a multi-car system, and installing more tower lifts.<br \/><br \/><\/p><h3>3. CASE STUDY B<\/h3><p>Building B is a single tenant office building occupied by a builder and developer.\u00a0 The building was completed in 2008.\u00a0 The building was lightly occupied until 2013.\u00a0 The building has 28 floors.\u00a0 There are 3 parking levels below the main lobby, a ground level lobby, 5 parking levels above the lobby, and 19 office levels.<\/p><h4>3.1 Building B Problems<\/h4><p>Tenants were complaining of long waiting times.\u00a0 Waits of over 5 minutes were reported.\u00a0 The building was equipped with 6 lifts, each with a capacity of 1000kg and a speed of 4 m\/s.\u00a0 All of the lifts served all of the floors.\u00a0 The lift control system had the Early Call Announcement feature which would illuminate a hall lantern and sound a chime immediately upon hall call registration.\u00a0 The car assignments were constantly being reassigned due the traffic levels in relation to the number of lifts.\u00a0 The constant sound of chimes and flashing hall lanterns created a high level of confusion.<\/p><p>The owner believed that the traffic problems were related to poor maintenance.\u00a0 A survey was conducted and the owner was advised that the maintenance was adequate.\u00a0 However the traffic problems were the result of the building being under lifted.<\/p><p>The building owner provided a list of the occupants on each of the occupied floors.\u00a0 Not all floors were occupied.\u00a0 However the owner anticipated that the building would achieve a 90% occupancy rate within two years.<\/p><p>Using the occupancy information provided by the owner, a traffic simulation was conducted using the Peters Research Modern Office Templates.\u00a0 The results were the following:<\/p><p>Worst Average Waiting Time during any 5 minute period during Up Peak: 322.0 s.<\/p><p>Worst Average Waiting Time during any 5 minute period during Lunch: 96.8 s.<\/p><p>The simulation results were consistent with the tenant observations.\u00a0 The system was saturating.<\/p><h4>3.1 Building B Solutions<\/h4><p>A four phase solution was proposed as follows:<\/p><p>Phase 1: Install a Destination input overlay on the 6 tower cars.<\/p><p>Phase 2: Modernize the 6 tower lifts using a destination input controller and a high performance door system.<\/p><p>Phase 3: Install 4 car park lifts with a speed of 1.7 m\/s and a capacity of 1000kg.<\/p><p>Phase 4: Modify the tower lifts so that they do not service the car park levels.<\/p><p>For each of the four proposed phases, simulation software was used to model the anticipated performance of the lift systems during Up Peak and Lunch using templates from Peters Research.\u00a0 The results are as follows:<\/p><p>At completion of Phase 1:<\/p><p>Worst Average Waiting Time during any 5 minute period during Up Peak: 47.8 s<\/p><p>Worst Average Transit Time during any 5 minute period during Up Peak: 55.8 s<\/p><p>At completion of Phases 2, 3, and 4 with an occupancy level of 90% on all floors:<\/p><p>Tower Lifts Up Peak:<\/p><p>Worst Average Waiting Time during any 5 minute period: 34.1 s<\/p><p>Worst Average Transit Time during any 5 minute period: 53.1 s<\/p><p>Tower Lifts Lunch:<\/p><p>Worst Average Waiting Time during any 5 minute period: 49.4 s<\/p><p>Worst Average Transit Time during any 5 minute period: 45.3 s<\/p><p>Car Park Lifts Up Peak:<\/p><p>Worst Average Waiting Time during any 5 minute period: 16.2 s<\/p><p>Worst Average Transit Time during any 5 minute period: 27.4 s<\/p><p>Car Park Lifts Lunch:<\/p><p>Worst Average Waiting Time during any 5 minute period: 21.3 s<\/p><p>Worst Average Transit Time during any 5 minute period: 31.4 s<\/p><h4>3.3 Building B Comments<\/h4><p>Building B is another example of the need to provide separate lifts for the car park floors and for the office floors of a building.<br \/><br \/><\/p><h3>4. CASE STUDY C<\/h3><p>Building C is a building that was substantially completed in 2008 but was vacant until 2013.\u00a0 It was developed by the same firm that developed Building A.\u00a0 The developer was concerned that this building might have problems similar to those of Building A and asked for an analysis.<\/p><p>Building C is a 25 story office building.\u00a0 The building has 17 office floors located above a podium of 4 below ground parking levels, a ground level lobby, and 3 levels of above ground parking.\u00a0 The 17 office floors and 8 entrance levels were served by 5 passenger lifts each with a capacity of 1150kg and a speed of 2.5 m\/s.\u00a0 Each of the office floors was expected to have 66 occupants when fully leased.\u00a0<\/p><h4>4.1 Building C Problems<\/h4><p>Based on the rule of thumb that there should be one lift for every 3 floors and the suggestion that car park levels should be serviced by separate lifts, the building appeared to be under lifted.<\/p><p>A traffic analysis using Up Peak and Lunch templates from Peters Research was conducted.\u00a0 Figure 1 is a plot of the queue lengths during Up Peak.\u00a0<\/p><p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/images\/stories\/papers\/Underliftedbuildingsinthemiddleeast\/RSFig1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"524\" height=\"384\" \/>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<strong>Figure 1 Queue Lengths Up Peak<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Figure 2 is a plot of the queue lengths during Lunch.<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/images\/stories\/papers\/Underliftedbuildingsinthemiddleeast\/RSFig2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"502\" height=\"368\" \/>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>Figure 2\u00a0 Queue Lengths Lunch<\/strong><\/p><p>Figures 1 and 2 show a system that is saturated.<\/p><h4>4.2 Building C Recommendations<\/h4><p>The 5 lifts are fitted with a conventional group control system.\u00a0 A simulation using templates but based on the lifts serving only the lobby and the office floors indicated the following:<\/p><p>Up Peak:<\/p><p>Worst Average Waiting Time during any 5 minute period: 136.4 s<\/p><p>Worst Average Transit Time during any 5 minute period: 88.3 s<\/p><p>Lunch:<\/p><p>Worst Average Waiting Time during any 5 minute period: 64.8 s<\/p><p>Worst Average Transit Time during any 5 minute period: 83.8 s<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>The simulations were run a second time using a proprietary destination input system.\u00a0 The following are the results:<\/p><p>Up Peak:<\/p><p>Worst Average Waiting Time during any 5 minute period: 37.6 s<\/p><p>Worst Average Transit Time during any 5 minute period: 67.1 s<\/p><p>Lunch:<\/p><p>Worst Average Waiting Time during any 5 minute period: 57.5 s<\/p><p>Worst Average Transit Time during any 5 minute period: 57.9 s<\/p><p>A destination input control system was recommended for the 5 lifts.\u00a0 Additionally, a bank of 3 lifts was proposed to serve the car park areas.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p>The addition of 3 car park lifts was rejected as not being feasible for structural and economic reasons.<\/p><p>An alternative method of serving the car park area was proposed; Valet Parking.\u00a0 In Dubai, labor costs are very low in comparison to lease rates.\u00a0 Valet Parking could be viewed as a luxury feature whilst inexpensively solving a vertical transportation problem.<\/p><h4>4.3 Building C Comments\u00a0<\/h4><p>Building C is another example of the need to have separate lifts for the car park floors and separate lifts for the office floors of a building.\u00a0 However, in this building a method that involves Valet Parking in lieu of Vertical Transportation was recommended.<br \/><br \/><\/p><h3>5. CONCLUSIONS<\/h3><p>Many buildings in the Middle East are built with an office tower on top of a parking podium.\u00a0 In most cases, the parking podium and the office floors are parking podium are served by the same lifts.\u00a0 Dozens if not hundreds of similar buildings will encounter traffic handling problems as their occupancy increases.\u00a0 This paper offers some partial remedies for these problems.\u00a0 The only way to achieve a good vertical transportation performance is to perform a professional traffic analysis during the design stage.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>REFERENCES<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><ol><li>G. Barney,\u00a0<em>Elevator Traffic Handbook<\/em>. London: Spon Press (2003)<\/li><li>CIBSE,\u00a0<em>The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers Transportation Systems in Buildings, Guide D<\/em>. CIBSE, Norwich (2010)\u00a0<\/li><li>Peters, R. (2007) ELEVATE\u2122 Simulation Software. Mobile: Elevator World<\/li><\/ol><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>BIOGRAPHICAL DETAILS<\/strong><\/p><p>Rory Smith is Visiting Professor in Lift Technology at the University of Northampton.\u00a0 He has over 45 years of lift Industry experience and has been awarded numerous patents.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Under Lifted Buildings in the Middle East Rory S. Smith University of Northampton, UK This paper was presented at The 4th Symposium on Lift &amp; Escalator Technology (CIBSE Lifts Group, The University of Northampton and LEIA) (2014).\u00a0 This web version \u00a9 Peters Research Ltd 2015. Keywords:\u00a0lifts, traffic analysis, car parking Abstract.\u00a0 This paper explains and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":860,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_canvas","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1142","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Under Lifted Buildings in the Middle East - Peters Research<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Under Lifted Buildings in the Middle East - Peters Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Under Lifted Buildings in the Middle East Rory S. Smith University of Northampton, UK This paper was presented at The 4th Symposium on Lift &amp; Escalator Technology (CIBSE Lifts Group, The University of Northampton and LEIA) (2014).\u00a0 This web version \u00a9 Peters Research Ltd 2015. 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Smith University of Northampton, UK This paper was presented at The 4th Symposium on Lift &amp; Escalator Technology (CIBSE Lifts Group, The University of Northampton and LEIA) (2014).\u00a0 This web version \u00a9 Peters Research Ltd 2015. Keywords:\u00a0lifts, traffic analysis, car parking Abstract.\u00a0 This paper explains and [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/index.php\/papers\/under-lifted-buildings-in-the-middle-east\/","og_site_name":"Peters Research","article_modified_time":"2020-11-17T12:24:12+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/images\/stories\/papers\/Underliftedbuildingsinthemiddleeast\/RSFig1.png","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Estimated reading time":"10 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/index.php\/papers\/under-lifted-buildings-in-the-middle-east\/","url":"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/index.php\/papers\/under-lifted-buildings-in-the-middle-east\/","name":"Under Lifted Buildings in the Middle East - Peters 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