{"id":1009,"date":"2020-11-17T11:29:54","date_gmt":"2020-11-17T11:29:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/?page_id=1009"},"modified":"2020-11-17T11:35:09","modified_gmt":"2020-11-17T11:35:09","slug":"improvements-to-the-up-peak-round-trip-time-calculation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/index.php\/papers\/improvements-to-the-up-peak-round-trip-time-calculation\/","title":{"rendered":"Improvements to the Up Peak Round Trip Time Calculation"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1009\" class=\"elementor elementor-1009\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2bd44fca elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-eae-slider=\"51849\" data-id=\"2bd44fca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-624c56e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"624c56e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Improvements to the Up Peak Round Trip Time Calculation\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-550f1783 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"550f1783\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dr Richard D Peters, Peters Research Ltd<\/p><p><em>This paper was published\u00a0in the International Journal of Elevator Engineers. Volume\u00a03 No 1\u00a0(2000).\u00a0 It is reproduced with permission from The International Association of Elevator Engineers. This web version \u00a9 Peters Research Ltd 2009.<\/em><\/p><h3>Abstract<\/h3><p>Most lift designs are based on up peak calculations.\u00a0 The up peak is not always the most appropriate choice of peak period for the analysis.\u00a0 Nevertheless, the up peak calculation is important as an industry standard benchmark calculation, and a good starting point for assessing the handling capacity of a lift system.\u00a0 Improvements to the &#8220;standard&#8221; up peak calculation have been proposed.\u00a0 These include:\u00a0 (a) Introduction of formulae for the calculation of flight times.\u00a0 These formulae can be used for any travel distance and lift dynamics.\u00a0 (b) Formulation of adjustments made for lifts which do not reach rated speed in a single floor jump.\u00a0 (c) Introduction of an express zone term into the Round Trip Time equation.<\/p><h3><br \/>LIST OF SYMBOLS<\/h3><table class=\"art-article\" border=\"0\"><tbody><tr><td>a\u00a0<\/td><td>acceleration (m\/s<sup>2<\/sup>)\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CC\u00a0<\/td><td>car (rated) capacity (persons)\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CF\u00a0<\/td><td>capacity factor (%)\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>d<sub>f<\/sub>\u00a0<\/td><td>average inter-floor height (m)\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>df<sub>n<\/sub>\u00a0<\/td><td>height floor n (m)\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>d<sub>H<\/sub>\u00a0<\/td><td>distance to reach reversal floor H excluding express zone (m)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>d<sub>X<\/sub>\u00a0<\/td><td>total height of unserved floors in express zone (m)\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>H<\/td><td>average highest reversal floor \u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>j\u00a0<\/td><td>jerk (m\/s<sup>3<\/sup>)\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>L\u00a0<\/td><td>number of lifts\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>N\u00a0<\/td><td>number of floors above main terminal\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>S\u00a0<\/td><td>average number of stops\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T\u00a0<\/td><td>cycle time (s)\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>t<sub>a<\/sub>\u00a0<\/td><td>advanced door opening time (s)\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>t<sub>c<\/sub>\u00a0<\/td><td>door closing time (s)\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>t<sub>fd<sup>(d)<\/sup><\/sub>\u00a0<\/td><td>flight time flor travel distance d (s)\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>t<sub>fl<\/sub>\u00a0<\/td><td>single floor flight time (s)\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>t<sub>l<\/sub>\u00a0<\/td><td>passenger loading time per person (s)\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>t<sub>0<\/sub>\u00a0<\/td><td>door opening time (s)\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>t<sub>p<\/sub>\u00a0<\/td><td>average passenger transfer time (s)\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>t<sub>u<\/sub>\u00a0<\/td><td>passenger unloading time per person (s)\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>t<sub>v<\/sub>\u00a0<\/td><td>time to travel between two adjacent floors at rated speed (s)\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>t<sub>s<\/sub>\u00a0<\/td><td>time consumed when making a stop (s)\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>t<sub>start<\/sub>\u00a0<\/td><td>allowance for motor start delay (s)\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>P\u00a0<\/td><td>average number of passengers in car\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%POP\u00a0<\/td><td>5 minute up peak handling capacity (% population)\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>RTT\u00a0<\/td><td>rount trip time (s)\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>U<sub>eff<\/sub>\u00a0<\/td><td>effective building population (persons)\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>U<sub>i<\/sub>\u00a0<\/td><td>population of floor i (persons)\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UPPHC\u00a0<\/td><td>up peak handling capacity (persons\/5min)\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UPPINT\u00a0<\/td><td>average up peak interval (s)\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>v\u00a0<\/td><td>contract (rated) speed (m\/s)\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><h3><br \/>Introduction<\/h3><p>Most lift designs are based on up peak calculations.\u00a0 The up peak is not always the most appropriate choice of peak period for the analysis.\u00a0 Nevertheless, the up peak calculation is important as an industry standard benchmark calculation, and a good starting point for assessing the handling capacity of a lift system.<\/p><p>The up peak lift calculation is based on estimating the time taken for a lift to make a single \u201cround trip\u201d of the building.\u00a0 The calculation assumes people load the lift at the lowest floor, and get dropped off as the lift stops off at upper floors.\u00a0 The lift then expresses back to the ground floor (some designers include an allowance for additional stops made by the lift on its return journey).\u00a0 The Round Trip Time (RTT) is calculated for a single lift, so results for two of more lifts are extrapolated accordingly.<\/p><p>The up peak calculation has evolved over a number of years.\u00a0 Jones[1] determined results for the probable number of stops made by the elevator during its round trip.\u00a0 Schroeder[2] determined formulae for highest reversal floor.\u00a0 Barney and dos Santos[3] formalised the method with formulae that are now generally accepted by the Lift Industry.\u00a0 A summary of these formulae follow.<\/p><h3><br \/>Up peak formulae<\/h3><p>The average number of passengers assumed to load into a car during up peak traffic is<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/images\/stories\/papers\/improvementstotheuppeakroundtriptimecaluclation\/image068.gif\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0(1)<\/p><p><br \/>The effective building population of the buildings is<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/images\/stories\/papers\/improvementstotheuppeakroundtriptimecaluclation\/image070.gif\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0(2)<\/p><p><br \/>The average highest reversal floor is<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/images\/stories\/papers\/improvementstotheuppeakroundtriptimecaluclation\/image072.gif\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0(3)<\/p><p><br \/>The average number of stops made by the lift during its round trip is<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/images\/stories\/papers\/improvementstotheuppeakroundtriptimecaluclation\/image074.gif\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0(4)<\/p><p><br \/>The average time taken for a single person to load or unload the lift is<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/images\/stories\/papers\/improvementstotheuppeakroundtriptimecaluclation\/image076.gif\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0(5)<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>The time taken for the lift to travel between two adjacent floors at rated speed is<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/images\/stories\/papers\/improvementstotheuppeakroundtriptimecaluclation\/image078.gif\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0(6)<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>The single floor flight time, t<sub>f1<\/sub>\u00a0is taken from Table 1 [3].<\/p><table class=\"art-article\" border=\"0\"><tbody><tr><td>Contract Speed<br \/>(m\/s)\u00a0<\/td><td>Acceleration<br \/>(m\/s<sup>2<\/sup>)\u00a0<\/td><td>Single Floor Flight Time,<br \/>3.3m floor height(s)\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00a01.00<\/td><td>\u00a00.4-0.7<\/td><td>\u00a07.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00a01.50<\/td><td>\u00a00.7-0.8<\/td><td>\u00a06.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00a02.50<\/td><td>\u00a00.8-0.9<\/td><td>\u00a04.8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00a03.50<\/td><td>\u00a01.0<\/td><td>\u00a03.7-4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00a05.00<\/td><td>\u00a01.2-1.5<\/td><td>\u00a03.7-4.0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><strong><em>Table 1\u00a0\u00a0 Typical flight times<\/em><\/strong><\/p><p><strong><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p><p>The cycle time is the time to travel a single floor, and open\/close the doors<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/images\/stories\/papers\/improvementstotheuppeakroundtriptimecaluclation\/image080.gif\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0(7)<\/p><p><br \/>So the delay or \u201ctime consumed\u201d by making a single stop is<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/images\/stories\/papers\/improvementstotheuppeakroundtriptimecaluclation\/image082.gif\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0(8)<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>The RTT is the time taken for the travel to\/from the highest reversal floor at contract speed, plus the delay for each stop, plus the time for the passengers to load\/unload.\u00a0 Thus,<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/images\/stories\/papers\/improvementstotheuppeakroundtriptimecaluclation\/image084.gif\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0(9)<\/p><p><br \/>Some designers add 5-10% to the RTT for \u201closses\u201d associated with controller inefficiencies, passengers holding the doors, and so on.<\/p><p>The up peak interval is calculated by dividing the round trip time by the number of lifts.<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/images\/stories\/papers\/improvementstotheuppeakroundtriptimecaluclation\/image086.gif\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0(10)<\/p><p><br \/>The interval is the average time between successive lift arrivals at the main terminal floor.\u00a0 It is not the average waiting time, which Strakosch states is about 55 to 60% of the interval, dependant on the control system[4].<\/p><p>The up peak handling capacity is the number of passengers transported in a five minute period.\u00a0 This is calculated as<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/images\/stories\/papers\/improvementstotheuppeakroundtriptimecaluclation\/image088.gif\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0(11)<\/p><p><br \/>The handling capacity, expressed as a percentage of the building population transported in five minutes is<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/images\/stories\/papers\/improvementstotheuppeakroundtriptimecaluclation\/image090.gif\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0(12)<\/p><h3><br \/><br \/>Improvements to Calculation<\/h3><h4>Flight time calculation<\/h4><p>Determining flight time from Table 1 is limited as the inter-floor heights are assumed to be 3.3 m, and only \u201cstandard\u201d speeds and accelerations are considered.\u00a0 The author\u2019s research in ideal lift kinematics [5][6] has yielded general formulae to determine flight time for any travel distance and lift dynamics.<\/p><p>if\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/images\/stories\/papers\/improvementstotheuppeakroundtriptimecaluclation\/image092.gif\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0then \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/images\/stories\/papers\/improvementstotheuppeakroundtriptimecaluclation\/image094.gif\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0(13)<\/p><p>if\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/images\/stories\/papers\/improvementstotheuppeakroundtriptimecaluclation\/image096.gif\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0then\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/images\/stories\/papers\/improvementstotheuppeakroundtriptimecaluclation\/image098.gif\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0(14)<\/p><p>if\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/images\/stories\/papers\/improvementstotheuppeakroundtriptimecaluclation\/image100.gif\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0then\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/images\/stories\/papers\/improvementstotheuppeakroundtriptimecaluclation\/image102.gif\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0(15)<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>These formulae are consistent with results provided by Molz [7], but are in a simpler form.<\/p><p>Applying the\u00a0 function, the single floor flight time is<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/images\/stories\/papers\/improvementstotheuppeakroundtriptimecaluclation\/image106.gif\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0(16)<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h4>Lifts not reaching full speed in single floor jump and non-equal inter-floor heights<\/h4><p>The conventional RTT equations assume that the lift reaches rated speed in the distance of a single floor jump; and that there are no irregularities in floor heights.\u00a0 This is not always the case, and CIBSE Guide D [8] proposes a procedure for making \u201ccorrections\u201d to the conventional RTT formulae.\u00a0 The author has formulated these corrections as follows:<\/p><p>Determine the distance to reach reversal floor H, which can be written as<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/images\/stories\/papers\/improvementstotheuppeakroundtriptimecaluclation\/image110.gif\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0(17)<\/p><p>(floor(x) is a function which returns the greatest integer less than or equal to x)<\/p><p>The average distance between stops is then<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/images\/stories\/papers\/improvementstotheuppeakroundtriptimecaluclation\/image112.gif\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/><br \/><br \/>and the flight time to travel this distance is<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/images\/stories\/papers\/improvementstotheuppeakroundtriptimecaluclation\/image114.gif\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/><br \/><br \/>The difference between this and the assumed time can be substituted into an enhanced equation for\u00a0 which becomes<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/images\/stories\/papers\/improvementstotheuppeakroundtriptimecaluclation\/image118.gif\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0(18)<\/p><p>Advanced door opening time(s) has also been included in this formulae.\u00a0 Some designers subtract the advanced door opening time from the door opening time, but it is clearer to identify it separately.<\/p><p>The\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/images\/stories\/papers\/improvementstotheuppeakroundtriptimecaluclation\/image120.gif\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0term in the RTT equation also needs to be revised to\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/images\/stories\/papers\/improvementstotheuppeakroundtriptimecaluclation\/image122.gif\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0to take into account the new approach.\u00a0 The RTT equation now becomes<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/images\/stories\/papers\/improvementstotheuppeakroundtriptimecaluclation\/image124.gif\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0(19)<\/p><p>Equations for\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/images\/stories\/papers\/improvementstotheuppeakroundtriptimecaluclation\/image126.gif\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0and\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/images\/stories\/papers\/improvementstotheuppeakroundtriptimecaluclation\/image128.gif\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0remain the same.<\/p><h4><br \/>Express Zones<\/h4><p>In high rise buildings lifts are often zoned to reduce passenger travel times and to save core space by not having all the lifts serving the upper floors of the building.\u00a0 An example of a zoned building is represented by the diagram in Figure 1.<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/images\/stories\/papers\/improvementstotheuppeakroundtriptimecaluclation\/chart1.gif\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/><br \/>Key\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/images\/stories\/papers\/improvementstotheuppeakroundtriptimecaluclation\/blackdot2.gif\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/>Lift serves floor\u00a0\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/images\/stories\/papers\/improvementstotheuppeakroundtriptimecaluclation\/whitedot.gif\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/>Lift expresses past floor without stopping<br \/><strong><em>Figure 1\u00a0\u00a0 Zoned building<\/em><\/strong><\/p><p>This express zone can be taken into account by revising the RTT equation, (19) to<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.peters-research.com\/images\/stories\/papers\/improvementstotheuppeakroundtriptimecaluclation\/image130.gif\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0(20)<\/p><p>where d<sub>X<\/sub>\u00a0is the express zone; in this example, the sum of the floor heights of Levels 1 to 9.\u00a0 It is suggested that equation (20) is used in preference to equation (19) for all cases; if there is no express zone simply set d<sub>x<\/sub>\u00a0to 0.<\/p><h3><br \/>Discussion<\/h3><p>Most lift designs are based on an up peak RTT calculation, which is an important industry standard benchmark. The up peak calculation has been developed over a number of years with contributions from several researchers.<\/p><p>With the improvements discussed in this paper, the up peak calculation can be applied for any combination of floor heights and lift dynamics, including buildings with express zones.<\/p><p>The calculation still has limitations, which include<\/p><ul><li>only up peak traffic is considered; this is often not the most onerous traffic flow in buildings<\/li><li>in some instances up peak calculations are inappropriate, e.g. in shopping centres, car parks, airports or hospitals<\/li><li>it is difficult to adjust the calculation to analyse up peaks for buildings with basements, car parks or more than one entrance floor.<\/li><\/ul><p>To overcome these limitations, more advanced techniques such as the General Analysis [9][10] and Simulation [11] are required.<\/p><p>Computer software implementing all these analysis techniques is available from the author.<\/p><p><strong>REFERENCES<\/strong><\/p><ol><li>Basset Jones The probable number of stops made by an elevator GE Review 26(8) 583-587 (1923)<\/li><li>Schroeder J Personenaufzeuge Foerden und Heben 1 44-50 (1955) (in German)<\/li><li>Barney G C, dos Santos S M\u00a0 Elevator Traffic Analysis Design and Control\u00a0 2nd edn. (London: Peter Peregrinus) (1985)<\/li><li>Strakosch G R\u00a0 Vertical Transportation: Elevators and Escalators 2nd edn. (New York: J Wiley &amp; Sons Inc.)(1983)<\/li><li>Peters R D\u00a0 Ideal Lift Kinematics: Complete Equations for Plotting Optimum Motion\u00a0 Elevator Technology 6, Proceedings of ELEVCON\u201995 (The International Association of Elevator Engineers) (1995) (republished by Elevator World, April 1996 and by Elevatori, May\/June 1996)<\/li><li>Peters R D\u00a0 Ideal Lift Kinematics: Derivation of Formulae for the Equations of Motion of a Lift International Journal of Elevator Engineers, Volume 1 No 1 (1996)<\/li><li>Motz H D\u00a0 On the kinematics of the ideal motion of lifts\u00a0 Forden und haben 26 (1) (1976) (in German)<\/li><li>Various Authors\u00a0 CIBSE Guide D, Transportation Systems in Buildings (The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers)(1993) ISBN 0 900953 57 8<\/li><li>Peters R D\u00a0 Lift Traffic Analysis: Formulae for the general case\u00a0 Building Services Engineering Research and Technology, Volume 11 No 2 (1990)<\/li><li>Peters R D\u00a0 The Theory and Practice of General Analysis Lift Calculations\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Elevator Technology 4, Proceedings of ELEVCON\u201992 (The International Association of Elevator Engineers) (1992)<\/li><li>Peters RD\u00a0 Simulation for control system design and traffic analysis\u00a0 Elevator Technology 9, Proceedings of ELEVCON\u201998 (The International Association of Elevator Engineers) (1998) (republished by Elevatori, January\/February 1999)<\/li><\/ol><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Improvements to the Up Peak Round Trip Time Calculation Dr Richard D Peters, Peters Research Ltd This paper was published\u00a0in the International Journal of Elevator Engineers. Volume\u00a03 No 1\u00a0(2000).\u00a0 It is reproduced with permission from The International Association of Elevator Engineers. This web version \u00a9 Peters Research Ltd 2009. Abstract Most lift designs are based [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":860,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_canvas","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1009","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Improvements to the Up Peak Round Trip Time Calculation - Peters Research<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Improvements to the Up Peak Round Trip Time Calculation - Peters Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Improvements to the Up Peak Round Trip Time Calculation Dr Richard D Peters, Peters Research Ltd This paper was published\u00a0in the International Journal of Elevator Engineers. 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